Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

 

We have a test tomorrow

 

Middle ages = AD 476 – AD 1453

New Society

Classical heritage of Rome

Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church

Customs of various Germanic tribes

Overrun the Western half of the Roman Empire

Causing: Disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shifts to rural areas

Tribes had oral tradition, songs, but couldn’t read Greek or Latin

Romance languages evolve, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italy

Few besides priest were literate

Germanic Kingdoms Emerge: AD 400 -600

Germanic warrior’s loyalty is to be to the Lord of the manor he provides everything basically. 

Clovis rules the Germanic people of Gaul: known as the Franks

In 496 he has a battlefield conversion – he and 3000 of his warriors become Christians

The Church in Rome likes this by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners

Church + Franks = Rise in Christianity

In 520, Benedict writes rules for monks

Vows of poverty which meant they live simply in poverty

Chastity no material relations

Obedience listen to Church superiors 

Pope Gregory 1 goes secular

 

GKUUC Again...........

Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

The reason why many people are Holy Christians to this day

Middle ages = medieval period 476 - 1453 AD

476 - The roman empire broke up, Romulus Augustus was tolled to step down

1453 - Constantinople conquered by the Turks

This new society has roots in classical heritage of Rome, beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, customs of various Germanic tribes

5th Century Germanic invaders

Overrun the Western half of the Roman Empire

Causing - disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shifts to rural areas

Effects of Invasion

Decline of learning

Tribes had oral tradition, songs, but couldn't read Greek of Latin

Romance languages evolve ( French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian )

Few besides Priests were literate

Germanic Kingdoms emerge : AD 400 - 600

Germanic warriors loyalty is to the Lord of the Manor he provides them with food, weapons, treasure

Result :

No orderly government for larger areas , small communities rule

Clovis rules the Franks

Clovis rules the Germanic people of Gaul, know as the Franks which is where France comes from

In 496 he has a battlefield conversion - he and 3000 of his warriors become Christians

The church in Rome likes this

By 511 the Franks are united into one Kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners

Spread of Christianity

Church + Frankish rulers = rise in Christianity

In 520, Benedict writes rules for monks :

Vows of poverty ( live simply in monasteries )

Chastity ( no marital relations )

obedience ( listen to church superiors )

His sister Sholastica writes similar rulers for nuns, they are school teachers, maintain libraries and copy books

Pope Gregory 1

Church = Government

This is a theocracy

Gregory's spiritual kingdom extends from Italy to England, From Spanish to Germany

Who's Running Europe ?

Clovis rules the franks in Gaul until his death in 5111

Most of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms

Clovis descendants include Charles Martel, know as Charles the Hammer

Hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732

If the Muslims had won this battle they would of have runned through all of Europe and take it over and Christians may turn into Muslims

How do you the follow the Hammer ?

Charles Martel's son is Pepin the Short

He works with the Church and is named " King by the grace of God " by the Pope

Pepin the Short dies in 768, leaving two sons

Son # 1 - Carloman - dies in 771

Son # 2 is Charles, know as Charlemagne, meaning Charles the Great

Six feet four inches or rocking ruling warrior greatness

GKUUC Cont.....

 A European Empire Evolves

Franks control largest European Kingdom

The Roman province formerly know as Gaul
Ruled by Clovis - the Merovingian Dynasty

Major domo - Mayor of the palace - ruled the kingdom

Now on to your child hood till high school.

Today you told us this weird story about how when you were little he flooded a bath room in a Greek Orthodox school, then how you through Gumbie or some name like that I don't know how to spell it to be honest. And that would be really cool if you have became a priest I can only imagine Father Schick that is so awesome.

I was a little worried about that tornado that hit you guys when you were little, I mean there's nothing that you could do about it but still.

GKUUC

Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne

Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire

Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout  northern Europe, which is where many of us came from

Middle Ages - medieval period
500 - 1500 AD   Medieval Europe is fragmented

Invasions trigger changes in western Europe

Invasions and constant war fare spark new trends

Disruption of trade
Europe's cities are no longer economic
Many is scare

Downfall of cities
Cities are no longer centers of administration

Population shifts
Nobles retreat to the rural areas
Cities don't have strong leadership

Decline of learning

Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition
Only priest and church officials could read and write
Knowledge of Greek ( literature, science, math etc. ) is almost lost

Loss of a common language

Dialects develop in different religions
By the 800s, French, Spanish and other Roman based languages are evolving from Latin

Germanic kingdoms emerge

The concept of government changes

Roman society: loyal to public government

Germanic society: loyal to family
Germanic chief led warriors
During peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live ( the lords hall )
During wartime, warriors, warriors fought for the lord

" Who's are King ? ''

Franks live in the Roman providence of Gaul - their leader is Clovis

The Franks under Clovis
Another battlefield conversion ( Just like Constantine )
Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop
The Church in Rome approves of this " alliance "
Clovis and the Church begin to work together

A simple mathematical equation :

Clovis' military experience + Church's support and money = A strategic alliance between two powerful forces

Germanic peoples adopt Christianity

511 AD - Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom
600 AD - Church + Frankish rulers convert many people
Fear of Muslims in Southern Europe spur many to become Christians

Monasteries and Convents
520 AD - Benedict wrote the rules for the monks and monasteries
Poverty, chastity, obedience, study

His sister Scholastic did the same for nuns in convents

731 AD - the Venerable Bede wrote a killer history of England

Monks opened schools, maintained libraries, and copied books ( Bibles, Greek text )  

Pope Gregory 1 expands papal power
Papacy = Popes office
Secular power = worldly power
Under Gregory the Great

Papal power ( Power the Pope ) is Political Power, Presented from the Pope's Palace

The Church can use Church money to :

Raise armies
Repair roads
Help the poor

Gregory the Great began to act as mayor of Rome, and as head of an earthly kingdom ( Christendom )

Middle Ages

Feudalism - a political, military and economic system based on land - holding and protective alliances

In other words: the system is based on personal loyalty to people who can help you

Lord - I own land and I need people to help me work it and defend it

Vassals - There is a lot of us, we can help the rich people hold on to their land



King

Vassals ( Nobles and Bishops )

Knights - mounted warriors who receive fiefs for defending their lords land \

Peasants ( Mostly Serfs )
Landless, powerless, moneyless, rights - less, just working the land for " the man " the lord

Manor - the lords estate

 The lords manor house
A church
Some workshops
15 - 30 families
All on a few square miles

Good news : Its a self - sufficient community
Bad news : Its harsh if you're a peasant

Peasants are poor and pay high taxes

Tax on grain
Tax on marriage
Church tax ( tithe = 10% of their income )

They live in crowed cottages
Live with animals and insects
eat very simply

The church says this is your lot in life

No wifi last night

I'm Sorry I'm posting this today and not last night but I didn't have no internet connection so there my wifi was down and my dad called Verizon and they got it working again but it didn't start working again till this morning.

Yesterday we had are test. I got a 68% I actually studied this for this test and I didn't think I got a 68 on it I was thinking a low B or a high C but oh well I hope theres a next test so I can get my grade up as much as possible.

I hope we study more on the Byzantine Empire cause I have family traced all the way back there and I find it really interesting to. The Byzantine Empire is mainly Greek Orthodox with Russian, Syria, Romania and a little bit of Rome in it to because the people of Trukey aren't Christians even though the capital was there.

Rome Again

Diocletian

He ruled from 284 – 303

It’s cool to persecute Christians

Rome needs a big army (400,000 strong)

Rome needs a big government 9 20, 00 officials)

 

Constantine

Rules from 306 – 337

It’s cool to BE a Christian \

Conversion to Christianity

Via a cross in the sky 9 conquer by this)

313 – His Edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship

Built a new capital in the East

Byzantium, soon to be known as Constantinople

 

East – Byzantine Empire

West – Roman Empire

 

Edict of Milan, a proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire. It was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Milan between the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius in February 313. The proclamation, made for the East by Licinius in June 313, granted all persons freedom to worship whatever deity they pleased, assured Christians of legal rights (including the right to organize churches), and directed the prompt return to Christians of confiscated property. Previous edicts of toleration had been as short-lived as the regimes that sanctioned them, but this time the edict effectively established religious toleration.

 

 

Jesus Christ

I was absent on Wednesday!!

Rise of Christianity
Jesus spends 3 years preaching and then later put to death and his followers believe he is the Messiah and that he has rose from the dead. Saul, becomes Paul and spreading the message, one true God and no Roman Gods. Christianity evolves from cult status to establish, official structure. Priest, Bishops, Pope ( Bishop of Rome ) .

Hardly anybody believe in Roman Gods and all the other Romans started to believe in Christianity and the Romans were gone. You don't want to publicly tell everybody your a Christian because you will die because the emperor stills believe in the Romans Gods who don't exist there just basically myths.

Christians and Jews are monotheistic the believing in one God, this was a conflict with Roman beliefs, persecution between the both was really common and as it grew even some Roman leaders embraced Christianity.

With in 200 years of Christ dying more than 10% of all Romans became Christians. Constantine had a battlefield conversion, he issues the Edict of Milan, not only no persecution but actually approve its an official religion of Rome. Emperor of Rome and the bishops were linked and were sharing ideas and helping each other out.

Homework read pg. 123 " The Changing World of Rome "

Rome

Patrician - a upper class person, powerful
Plebeian - common people, workers, farmers
Senate - a group of 300 patricians
Consuls - Two people, they have veto power over each other
Tribunes - leader of the plebeians assembly
Twelve Tables - the laws of Rome posted were everyone could see them on a Forum
Most important modern document, The United States Constitution, Senate / Assemblies / - US Senate / House Reps Consuls / Dictator - President of the US
Senate could act like judges - like our Supreme Court
Why could the rich only serve in the Senate ?
Members not paid, but worked their way up from low ranking magistrates to higher ones. They needed to spend a lot to look good, popular, and powerful, making them electable. Plebes couldn't afford to do that.
The kings who ruled between 600 and 500 BC ordered the building of the Forum, Rome's political center.

Rome

Octavian or Caesar Augustus - First emperor at the age of B
Began the Pax Romana ( Peace ) Built roads, aqueducts
Tiberius adopted a grandson - Caligula
Caligula - Freedom of speech, military bonus fight the senate, claimed to be God, displayed his face on statues in Jewish temples and Roman, slept with other man wife's, killed by own aides, AD 41 ( 28 )
Claudius - conquered land, extended roads, canals, aqueducts renovated the Circus Maximus
Rome was harsh and cruel to Christians and Jewish people

Rome

Octavian was later called Augustus after his triumph AT Actium the senate called him that. Unlike Caesar, Augustus refused the offer of a long - term dictatorship and referred to himself simply as princeps which means first citizen. Augustus was convinced that if Rome's new peace and stability were to last, the changes he had made in its government system must continue after his death.

The rise of Latin began with a Greek ex slave, Livius Andronicus, who in the third century bc translated Homers Odyssey and several Greek dramas. Very Soon Roman authors began to write in the forms of literature like the Greeks and the Latin's did.

The first Greek writer to encounter Rome was Polbius, who came to Rome as a hostage in the course to conquest Greece during the second century bc