Sumer - occupied the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Population increased drastically due to new irrigation techniques. Cities and towns were founded, some as many as 40,000 inhabitant. More adequate food storage allowed for diversity in professions: priest, tradesmen, artisans, politicians and farmers. Kings emerged, as did family dynasties and the concept of the "City-State" Sumerians invented the earliest forms of writing, know as "cuneiform"
A pantheon of Sumerian gods and goddesses emerged, with many of deities representing the natural elements of the world. The worlds first ( surviving ) epic was the Sumerian "Epic of Gilgamesh", which told of great flood. Sumerians first dived the hour into 60 minutes and the minute into 60 seconds; they also organized a calendar based on the moon cycles. The Ziggurat was a Sumerian temple built on top of a " mountain " of earth.
Civilizations of Mesopotamia
Wandering nomads drove herds of domesticated animals in many areas, especially to the south of Sumer in Arabia. Sumer was conquered by the Akkadians c. 2350 BC, Conquers god took place of previous gods and all were forced to worship them. King Hammurabi of Babylon created a serious of laws know as "Hammurabi's Code" Hammurabi's laws included '' an eye for an eye " and regulations of marriage, divorce, and punishments for all sorts of crimes.
3 Laws of Hammurabi's Code
195 - If a son should strike his father, they shall get there fingers chopped off
21 - If a man make a breach in a house, they shall put him to death in front of that breach and they shall trust him therein
168 - If a man set his face to disinherit his son and say to the judges: " I will disinherit my son '' , the judges shall inquire into his antecedents, and if the son have not committed a crime sufficiently gave to cut him from son ship, the father may not cut his son from son ship.
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